Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)—an umbrella term for the spectrum of fatty liver diseases not linked to alcohol consumption—affects 1 in 4 Americans and is now the most common cause of liver dysfunction. The onset and progression of NAFLD are closely linked to insulin resistance and abdominal obesity in both adults and children. In the absence of NAFLD-specific pharmacotherapies, greater investment in effective obesity prevention and treatment approaches may be the best available strategy to mitigate NAFLD burden.